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Introduction

Through the technique of role playing, you can experience first-hand the user's experience in a specific situation or create a hypothetical situation to evaluate a product or a service. At the end of the role play, you will have a clear idea of the situation, the user's experience, and the interaction of the different actors involved in the problem you are working on. It is important to recreate the situation that you want to recreate in a real way. The success of the experience depends on the degree of involvement and reality achieved with the different actors participating in the situation. It is a tool that allows us to develop an insight into why the potential user acts the way they do to empathize and generate options that meet the user's needs and environment.

Role play

The technique role play is also known as stage play and simulation.

Description

What is this technique/tool about.

Role play is used as a pedagogical strategy to actively engage students in learning and encourage their participation in simulated situations. Role play in secondary school involves assigning roles to students and asking them to act as specific characters in each scenario.

For which purposes is it used (why in your secondary school teaching)

- Active participation: Role play allows students to become actively involved in the learning process. Instead of being mere receivers of information, they become active participants by assuming roles and living simulated situations.

- Practical application of knowledge: Through role play, students can apply the theoretical knowledge acquired in a practical and realistic context. This helps them to better understand concepts and relate them to concrete situations.

- Development of social skills: Role play in secondary school fosters the development of social and emotional skills. Students can practice effective communication, teamwork, empathy, conflict resolution and decision making, among other interpersonal skills.

- Stimulation of critical thinking: By assuming different roles and facing challenging situations, students must analyse, evaluate, and make thoughtful decisions. Secondary role play promotes critical thinking and problem solving, as students must consider different perspectives and consequences.

In general, role play in secondary school is used to enrich the educational experience, make learning more meaningful and relevant, and prepare students to face real-world challenges. By giving them the opportunity to experience simulated situations, role play allows them to develop valuable skills that they can apply in their daily lives and in future academic and professional contexts.

Limitations

- Limited time: Role play may require a significant investment of time, both in preparation and in carrying out the activity.

- Self-consciousness and shyness: Some students may feel self-conscious or embarrassed about assuming roles and performing in front of their peers. Shyness may hinder their full participation in the role play activity and limit their learning.

- Resource limitations: These limitations can make it difficult to implement certain types of role play in educational settings with limited resources.

How to implement these technique/tools

Preparation, before the session:

  1. Define the objectives: clearly state the educational objectives you want to achieve with the role play. What skills or concepts do you want students to practice or understand?
  2. Design the scenario: Create a scenario or situation in which students can assume roles and participate in the activity. Determine the context, characters, and specific roles to be assigned.
  3. Research and prepare: Research the topic or situation in depth to have a solid understanding. Prepare relevant information, data and resources that may be needed for the activity.
  4. Assign roles: Assign roles to students equitably and in consideration of their individual abilities and needs. Make sure that each student has a defined role in the role play.
  5. Clear instructions: Clearly explain the rules and expectations of the role play to the students. Provide guidance on how they should behave, what is expected of them and how they can prepare adequately.

During the session:

  1. Role play development: Provide the scenario to students and allow them to assume their assigned roles. Encourage students to interact and communicate as if they were in the simulated situation. You can allow them to use improvised scripts or give them the opportunity to make decisions and respond spontaneously.
  2. Observation and support: Actively observe the role play unfold and provide support to students as needed. Is available to answer questions, provide guidance, and help resolve conflicts or difficulties that may arise during the activity.
  3. Optional recording or documentation: If possible, consider recording the role play or taking notes on key student interactions and decisions. This can be useful for later reflection and to provide specific feedback on individual and group performance.

Follow-up after the session:

  1. Discussion and reflection: Facilitate a group discussion about the role play experience. Ask students about their feelings, challenges, learnings, and observations during the activity. Encourage students to reflect on how they felt in their roles and how they might apply what they learned in real-life situations.
  2. Feedback: Provides constructive feedback to students on their performance in the role play. Highlight positive aspects and offer suggestions for improvement in specific areas. You can use recordings or notes taken during the role play as references for more accurate feedback.
  3. Consolidation of learning: Help students make connections between the role play and the concepts or skills it was intended to practice. Provide follow-up activities that reinforce and extend what was learned during the role play.
  4. Evaluation: If necessary, evaluate the students' performance.

Examples and/or testimonials

Here are some examples of how role play could be implemented in the subject of entrepreneurship, as well as testimonials from students who have participated in these activities:

Example 1: Business presentation role play.

Preparation: Students research and develop innovative business ideas. They are assigned the role of entrepreneurs who must present their business idea to potential investors.

During: Students make presentations of their business ideas in role play format. They interact with 'investors' and respond to questions and challenges that may arise during the presentation.

After: Students reflect on the presentation process, communication skills used and areas for improvement. Student testimonial: 'I felt like a real entrepreneur when presenting my business idea. I learned to adapt quickly to questions and challenges and improved my persuasion skills.'

Example 2: Negotiation role play.

Preparation: Students research negotiation cases and conflict resolution strategies. They are assigned roles of buyers and sellers in a negotiation situation.

During: Students participate in a negotiation simulation where they must reach an agreement in terms of price, quantity, and conditions. They apply different negotiation strategies and tactics.

After: Students reflect on their negotiation approach, the strategies used, and the results obtained. They discuss lessons learned and how they can apply these skills in real situations. Student testimonial: 'It was challenging to negotiate with the other party, but I learned to be more flexible and look for win-win solutions.'

These examples illustrate how role play can be used in the entrepreneurship subject to develop business skills, such as presentation, negotiation, and team building. Student testimonials show how these hands-on activities can enhance their ability to apply business concepts and strengthen their self-confidence as entrepreneurs.

Tools needed

To apply role play in secondary school, there are several tools that can facilitate implementation and enrich the students' experience.

- Role cards: Prepare cards with specific roles and assign each student a character or role related to the scenario.

- Scripts or conversation guides: Help students have a starting point for their interactions during the role play. These scripts can include specific questions, phrases, or situations to guide the conversation.

- Video recording: This allows for later review and analysis of performances, identifying strengths and areas for improvement, and providing specific feedback.

- Structured feedback: Rubrics can help assess student performance in different aspects, such as communication, problem solving or creativity.

- Reflection and discussion afterwards: Ask students about their experiences, the challenges they faced, and lessons learned. Encourages the exchange of ideas and identification of points for improvement.

Resources

Online resources:

  • Edutopia: Role Playing: Ideas and Resources: Edutopia is an online platform that offers educational resources. This article provides ideas and resources for implementing role play in the classroom. You can find it at: https://www.edutopia.org/article/role-playing-ideas-and-resources
  • Teachers Pay Teachers: Role Playing Activities and Resources: Teachers Pay Teachers is an online platform where educators share and sell educational resources. In this section, you can find a variety of activities and resources related to role play in different subjects and educational levels. Go to:https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Browse/Search:role%20playing

Books:

  • 'Role Play in Teaching and Learning' by Tony Ghaye: This book explores different approaches and techniques of role play in teaching and learning. It provides practical tips and examples of how to use role play effectively. Available in print and digital format.

Scholarly articles:

  • 'The Effects of Role-Playing on Learning and Attitude in the Middle School Social Studies Classroom' by Laura Scheinholtz and Julie L. Pennington: This research article analyzes the effects of role play on student learning and attitude in social studies in secondary education. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2010.10505978
  • 'Role Play in Education: What, How, and Why Instructional Role Play Works' by Virginia O'Brien and Keryn Pratt: This article provides an overview of what role play is, how it is implemented, and why it can be effective in education. Available in : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2373379917738557

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